Glossary of Research Terms
Standard lexicon of terms associated with systematic reviews, literature reviews and clinical evaluation reports (CERs)
a
- Absolute Difference
- Absolute Risk
- Absolute Risk Increase
- Absolute Risk Reduction
- Adherence
- Adjusted Analysis
- Allocation Concealment
- ARI
- ARR
b
- Baseline Characteristics
- Baseline Risk
- Bias
- Binary Outcome
- Blind
- Blinded
- Boolean Operators
c
- Case-Control Study
- Case Series
- Case Study
- Categorical Variable
- CDSS
- Chance
- Chance-Corrected Agreement
- Chance-Independent Agreement
- Channeling Effect
- Channeling Bias
- Checklist Effect
- Chi-square Test
- Class Effects
- Clinical Practice Guidelines
- Cluster Randomizaiton
- Cluster Analysis
- Cluster Assignment
- Cochrane’s Q
- Cohort
- Cohort Study
- Cointerventions
- Comorbidity
- Compliance
- Composite Outcome
- Composite Endpoint
- Computer Decision Support Systems
- Concealment
- Confidence Interval
- Conflict of Interest
- Confounder
- Confounding Variable
- Consecutive Sample
- Contamination
- Continuous Variable
- Control Group Risk
- Control Group
- Controlled Interrupted Time Series
- Controlled Time Series Design
- Correlation
- Correlation Coefficient
- Cox Regression Model
- Criterion Standard
- Cross-Sectional Study
d
- Data Completeness Bias
- Data Extraction
- Decision Aid
- Degrees of Freedom
- Dependent Variable
- Detection Bias
- Determinants of Outcome
- Dichotomous Outcome
- Differential Verification Bias
- Directness
- Dose-Dependence
- Dose-Response Gradient
- Drug Class Effects
e
- EBHC
- EBM
- EBP
- Ecologic Study
- Effect Size
- Endpoint
- Equivalence Trials
- Equivalence Studies
- Event Rate
- Evidence
- Evidence-Based Experts
- Evidence-Based Health Care
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Evidence-Based Policy-Making
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Evidence-Based Practitioners
- Expectation Bias
- Experimental Therapy
- Experimental Treatment
- Exposure
- External Validity
f
- Fail-Safe N
- False Negative
- False Positive
- Fixed-Effects Models
- Forest Plot
- Funnel Plot
g
- Generalizability
- Gold Standard
- Guidelines
h
- Harm
- Hazard Ratio
- Heterogeneity
- Hierarchical Regression
- Hierarchy of Evidence
i
- I2 statistic
- Incidence
- Inclusion Criteria
- Incorporation Bias
- Independent Association
- Independent Variable
- Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis
- Informed Consent
- Intention to Treat Principle
- Inter-rater Reliability
- Internal Validity
- Interrupted Time Series Design
- Interval Data
- Intervention
- Intervention Effect
- Interviewer Bias
- Intra-rater Reliability
- Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
k
- Kaplan-Meier Curve
- Kappa Statistic
l
- Law of Multiplicative Probabilities
- Lead Team Bias
- Length Time Bias
- Levels of Evidence
- Librarian/Information Specialist
- Likelihood Ratio
- Likert Scales
- Linear Regression
- Logical Operators
- Logistic Regression
- Longitudinal Study
- LR
m
- Masked
- Matching
- Median Survival
- Meta-Analysis
- Meta-Regression Analysis
- Minimal Important Difference
- Model
- Multivariable Analysis
- Multivariable Regression Equation
- Multivariate Regression
n
- N of 1 Trial
- Narrative Review
- Negative Trial
- Negative Predictive Value
- Negative Study
- NNH
- NNS
- NNT
- Non-adherent
- Non-inferiority Trials
- NPV
- Null Hypothesis
- Null Result
- Number Needed to Harm
- Number Needed to Screen
- Number Needed to Treat
o
- Observational Study Design
- Observational Study
- Observer Bias
- Odds
- Odds Ratio
- Odds Reduction
- Outcome
p
- P-value
- Partial Verification Bias
- Patient-Important Outcomes
- Patient Preferences
- Per-protocol Analysis
- Phase I Studies
- Phase II Studies
- Phase III Studies
- Phase IV Studies
- Phenomenology
- Phi
- Phi Statistic
- Placebo
- Placebo Effect
- Point Estimate
- Positive Study
- Postmarketing Surveillance Studies
- Power
- Practice Guidelines
- Predictive Value
- Preferences
- Prevalence
- Prevent
- Prevention
- Primary Research
- Primary Studies
- Probability
- Prognosis
- Prognostic Factors
- Prognostic Study
- Prospective Study
- Publication Bias
q
- Quality Improvement
- Quality of Care
r
- Random
- Random Allocation
- Random-Effects Model
- Random Error
- Random Sample
- Randomization
- Randomized Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Recall Bias
- Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve
- Reference Standard
- Referral Bias
- Regression
- Relative Risk
- Relative Diagnostic Odds Ratio
- Relative Odds
- Relative Risk Increase
- Relative Risk Reduction
- Reliability
- Repeating Data Sets
- Reporting Bias
- Review
- Risk
- Risk Difference
- Risk Factors
- Risk Ratio
- ROC Curve
- RRI
- RRR
s
- Screening
- Secondary Research
- Secondary Journals
- Selective Outcome Reporting Bias
- Sensitivity
- Sensitivity Analysis
- Sequential Sample
- Sign
- Sign Test
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio
- Simple Regression
- Social Desirability Bias
- Specificity
- Spectrum Bias
- Standard Error
- Statistical Significance
- Stopped Early Trials
- Stopping Rules
- Subgroup Analysis
- Substitute Endpoints
- Substitute Outcomes
- Surrogate Endpoints
- Surrogate Outcomes
- Surveillance Bias
- Survey
- Survival Curve
- Survival Analysis
- Synopsis
- Systematic Error
- Systematic Review
t
- T-Test
- Target Endpoints
- Target Events
- Target Condition
- Target Outcome
- Threshold NNT/NNH
- Time Series Design
- Treatment Effect
- Treatment Target
- Trial of Therapy
- Trim-and-Fill Method
- True Negative
- True Positive
- Truncated Trials
- Type I Error
- Type II Error
u
- Unblinded
- Unit of Allocation
- Unit of Analysis
- Unit of Analysis Error
- Univariable Regression
- Univariate Regression
- Unmasked
- Utilization Review
v
- Validity
- Values and Preferences
- Variance
- Verification Bias
w
- Washout Period
- Weighted Kappa
- Workup Bias
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